Adaptive Immunity

Genetic Inheritance

Note Packet

Lesson

Topic

Statement(s) and Objective(s)

Activities

1	Mendel	3.4.U1: Mendel discovered the principles of inheritance with experiments in which large numbers of pea plants were crossed. Describe Mendel’s pea plant experiments. 3.4.NOS: Making quantitative measurements with replicates to ensure reliability, Mendel’s genetic crosses with peas plants generated numerical data . Outline why Mendel’s success is attributed to his use of pea plants. List three biological research methods pioneered by Mendel.	Mendel slides The father of genetics handwritten notes Balloon genetics visualization Vision Learning: Mendel & Inheritance Scitable: Mendel and Inheritance Scitable: Gregor mendel: private scientist Mendel’s Peas and the Nature of the Gene Reading Questions A&B How did Mendel arrive at his discoveries? \| Nature Genetics Optional additional resources: Mending Mendelism The “rediscovery” of Mendel’s work Mendel and the NOS The work of Gregor Mendel Deceptive Simplicity of Mendelian Genetics
2	Foundations	3.4.U2: Gametes are haploid so contain only one allele of each gene. Define gamete and zygote. State two similarities and two differences between male and female gametes 3.4.U4: Fusion of gametes results in diploid zygotes with two alleles of each gene that may be the same allele or different alleles Outline the possible combination of alleles in a diploid zygote for a gene with two alleles. Outline the possible combination of alleles in a diploid zygote for a gene with three alleles. 3.4.U5: Dominant alleles mask the effect of recessive alleles . Define dominant allele and recessive allele. State an example of a dominant and recessive allele found in pea plants. State the usual cause of one allele being dominant over another.	Foundations of Basic genetics notes Foundations of genetics CFU Gametes to Zygotes handwritten notes Gametes to Zygotes slides Chromoseratops part 2 Chromoseratops submission form Scitable genetic dominance Cause of dominance/recessive reading Not your grandmother’s genetics (pt 1) Not your grandmother’s genetics (pt 2) the dilemma of dominance Dissolving dominance Genetic dominance and cellular… Teach students the genetics of their time Past, present and future genetics teach
3	Punnett Squares	3.4.S1: Construction of Punnett grids for predicting the outcomes of monohybrid genetic crosses . Define monohybrid, true breeding, hybrid, F1 and F2. Determine possible alleles present in gametes given parent genotypes. Construct Punnett grids for single gene crosses to predict the offspring genotype and phenotype ratios.	Punnett Squares notes Punnett Squares Check for Understanding Scitable test cross Test cross notes Test cross CFU Cat Genetics: Slides #1 - single gene crosses #2 - more single gene crosses
4	Genetic Diseases	3.4.U9: Many genetic diseases have been identified in humans but most are very rare. List five example genetic diseases. Explain why most genetic diseases are rare in a population. 3.4.U6: Many genetic diseases in humans are due to recessive alleles of autosomal genes. Define “carrier” as related to genetic diseases. Explain why genetic diseases usually appear unexpectedly in a population. D.1.A2: Cause and treatment of phenylketonuria . Outline the genetic cause of phenylketonuria. List consequences of phenylketonuria if untreated. State how phenylketonuria is treated. 3.4.U7: Some genetic diseases are sex-linked and some are due to dominant or codominant alleles. Describe why it is not possible to be a carrier of a disease caused by a dominant allele. Outline inheritance patterns of genetic diseases caused by dominant alleles. Explain sickle cell anemia as an example of a genetic disease caused by codominant alleles. 3.4.A3: Inheritance of cystic fibrosis and Huntington’s disease. Describe the relationship between the genetic cause of cystic fibrosis and the symptoms of the disease. Outline the inheritance pattern of cystic fibrosis. Outline the inheritance pattern of Huntington’s disease. List effects of Huntington’s disease on an affected individual	Human genetic disease notes Genetic diseases CFU Scitable: Single Gene Disorders Scitable Huntington’s Disease A&B: What are you doing for the test of your life? (huntington disease podcast) A&B: This Podcast will Kill you hemophilia (first hand account) A&B: This Podcast will Kill You CF (first hand account)
5	Codominance	3.4.U5: Codominant alleles have joint effects . Define codominant alleles. Using the correct notation, outline an example of codominant alleles. 3.4.A1: Inheritance of ABO blood groups. Describe ABO blood groups as an example of complete dominance and codominance. Outline the differences in glycoproteins present in people with different blood types.	Codominance notes Codominance CFU Explanation of roan Blood types notes Blood type notes (handwritten) Blood Type Genetics CFU A&B: Roots of ABO system (questions) A&B: Fathered by the mailman
6	Sex Linkage	3.4.U7: Some genetic diseases are sex-linked and some are due to dominant or codominant alleles . Define sex linkage 3.4.U8: The pattern of inheritance is different with sex-linked genes due to to their location on sex chromosomes. Outline Thomas Morgan’s elucidation of sex linked genes with Drosophila. Use correct notation for sex linked genes. Describe the pattern of inheritance for sex linked genes. Construct Punnett grids for sex linked crosses to predict the offspring genotype and phenotype ratios. 3.4.A2 Re-green colour blindness and haemophilia as examples of sex-linked inheritance. Describe the cause and effect of red-green color blindness. Explain inheritance patterns of red-green color blindness. Describe the cause and effect of hemophilia. Explain inheritance patterns of hemophilia.	Sex linked notes Sex linked notes (handwritten) Sex Linked CFU A&B: Sex Linked from Sawbones (listen between 9:40 - 12:25) Cat Genetics: Slides #3 - sex linked crosses #4 - epistatic control Scitable THM and sex linkage Optional: learning from the fly
7	Testing predictions with Chi-Square	3.4.S2: Comparison of predicted and actual outcomes of genetic crosses using real data. Explain the reason why the outcomes of genetic crosses do not usually correspond exactly with the predicted outcomes. Describe the role of statistical tests in deciding whether an actual result is a close fit to a predicted result. 10.2.U5: Chi-square tests are used to determine whether the difference between an observed and expected frequency distribution is statistically significant State the two possible hypotheses of a statistical test. Calculate the chi square value to determine the significance of differences between the observed and expected results of a genetic cross. Determine the degrees of freedom and critical value for the chi-square test. Draw a conclusion of significance by comparing the calculated and critical chi-square values.	Scitable chi-square Chi Square Practice Problems Penny Genetics Chi-Square Raw data submission form Student submission form
8	Pedigrees	3.4.S3: Analysis of pedigree charts to deduce the pattern of inheritance of genetic diseases Outline the conventions for constructing pedigree charts. Deduce inheritance patterns given a pedigree chart.	Pedigree notes Pedigree notes handwritten Pedigree conventions Pedigree logic chart Pedigrees CFU Scitable rules of inheritance A&B: Largest ever family tree Optional: Constructing a pedigree Constructing and using a pedigree HHMI pedigrees and lactose intolerance Pedigree analysis Additional pedigree problems Flipping Puppies
9	Wrap Up and Review		Final knowledge audit Genetics review cards Digital practice problems Kahoot review 1 Kahoot review 2 Quizizz Review 1-pager